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Health Science
Health Sciences are the group of disciplines of applied science dealing with
human and animal health. There are two parts to Health Sciences: the study and
research knowledge of health and the application of that knowledge to improve
health, prevent and cure diseases, and understand how humans and animals
function. Research builds primarily on the basic sciences of biology, chemistry,
and physics as well as a variety of multidisciplinary fields (for example
medical sociology). Other fields which made an exceptionally significant
contribution to the health sciences include biochemistry, biotechnology,
engineering, epidemiology, genetics, nursing, pharmacology, pharmacy, public
health, psychology, physical therapy, and medicine. The health sciences
industry, a multi-billion dollar business, is a subset of the life sciences,
medical care, and diagnosis industries.
The foundations for the Health Sciences fields are as old as the human race.
Humans have always been in need of solutions to address illness, injury, and
various health related issues such as childbirth. With modern technology and the
backing of the pure sciences, the scientific accuracy of these fields has
greatly improved. Nevertheless, many cultures have used and continue to use
various herbs and other culturally specific solutions to help solve health
problems that may or may not be backed by any scientific support. There are a
large number of health professions. The terms medicine or biomedicine, and
medical doctor or M.D. refer to dominant conventional practices in the West.
There are a wide range of traditional areas of health science. The most common
areas are: medicine, nursing, midwifery, and various forms of therapy to
supplement the healing process and restore proper activity (e.g. Dietetics,
recreational, physical, occupational, speech, and respiratory). Health science
includes both the study and application of preventing and curing human diseases
and disorders. Medical doctors include physicians and surgeons. There are many
different branches of medicine; the other health care professions also have
specialties or focus on specific populations or settings of care. Public health
studies the effect of environmental factors such as available health care
resources on the health of the general population, often focusing on particular
populations, such as mothers and children. Dietitians educate people about
proper nutrition, particularly specific dietary needs of populations such as
people with diabetes, breastfeeding women, and people with celiac disease. Other
less common medical areas include first aid and triage. Dental health has grown
in importance in recent decades making dentistry a major field of health
sciences. Counselling, hospice care, home care, nutrition, medical social work,
alternative medicine, pharmacology, and toxicology are all considered part of
health science. Veterinary medicine is the health science dedicated exclusively
to the care of animals. Veterinary medicine is involved in preventing and curing
animal diseases and disorders, inspecting animal originated food (like milk and
meat) and animal husbandry. Because health science deals with human life, issues
of medical ethics, an important area of ethics, arise frequently. Medical ethics
includes questions on topics such as a patient's right to privacy. Euthanasia,
abortion, human cloning, stem cell research and genetic engineering are
especially controversial issues directly related to health science. Learn Health
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